Velocity Pattierns and Bed Morphology

Present-day understanding of rill dynamics is hampered by a lack of detailed data on velocity distributions in rills. The latter are difficult to collect with traditional techniques due to the very low water depths and the relatively high flow velocities in rills. The objectives of this paper were to investigate the feasibility of miniaturized acoustic Doppler velocimeter (mADV) measurements in rill flow and to explore longitudinal variations in flow velocities and their relationship with rill bed morphology. Detailed data on longitudinal flow velocity were required to achieve these objectives. A 1·8 m long rill was formed freely in a flume at 5° slope and 0·001 m s discharge. Rill topography was characterized by an alternation of steps and pools. The flume surface was then fixed to preserve rill roughness. A topographical scanning of the entire flume surface was made. Velocity was measured with a mADV along the rill, and at different depths. Flow depth in a longitudinal direction was also measured using an elevation gauge. A strong relationship exists between rill topography and flow hydraulics. Over steps, flow was unidirectional and rapidly accelerating until a threshold Froude number (Fn) value between 1·3 and 1·7 was reached and a hydraulic jump occurred leading to the formation of a pool. In the pool, the flow pattern was multidirectional and complex. The flow was subcritical when leaving the pool and accelerated over the next step until the threshold Froude number value was again reached. Energy loss in the rill was concentrated in the pools, mainly due to the action of a hydraulic jump. This mechanism of energy dissipation appeared to be an essential factor in rill formation and bedform evolution. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.